1. Contents
  2. 11. More on Functions
  3. 11.2. Anonymous Functions

11.2. Anonymous Functions

You already know one method for creating a function:

1function myFunction(parameter1, parameter2,..., parameterN) {
2
3   // function body
4
5}

A function defined in this way is a named function (myFunction, in the example above).

Many programming languages, including JavaScript, allow us to create anonymous functions, which do not have names. We can create an anonymous function by simply leaving off the function name when defining it:

1function (parameter1, parameter2,..., parameterN) {
2
3   // function body
4
5}

You might be asking yourself, How do I call a function if it doesn't have a name?! Good question. Let's address that now.

11.2.1. Anonymous Function Variables

Anonymous functions are often assigned to variables when they are created, which allows them to be called using the variable's name.

Example

Let's create and use a simple anonymous function that returns the sum of two numbers.

1let add = function(a, b) {
2   return a + b;
3};
4
5console.log(add(1, 1));

Console Output

2

The variable add refers to the anonymous function created on lines 1 through 3. We call the function using the variable name, since the function doesn't have a name.

The visual analogy here is the same as that of a variable referring to a named function.

The variable add on the left refers to an anonymous function on the right

A variable that refers to an anonymous function.

Warning

Like other variable declarations, an assignment statement using an anonymous function should be terminated by a semi-colon, ;. This is easy to overlook, since named functions do not end with a semi-colon.

11.2.2. Check Your Understanding

Question

Convert the following named function to an anonymous function that is stored in a variable.

1function reverse(str) {
2   let lettersArray = str.split('');
3   let reversedLettersArray = lettersArray.reverse();
4   return reversedLettersArray.join('');
5}

repl.it

Question

Consider the code sample below, which declares an anonymous function beginning on line 1.

1let f1 = function(str) {
2   return str + str;
3};
4
5let f2 = f1;

Which of the following are valid ways of invoking the anonymous function with the argument "abcd"? (Choose all that apply.)

  1. f1("abcd");
  2. function("abcd");
  3. f2("abcd");
  4. It is not possible to invoke the anonymous function, since it doesn’t have a name.

Question

Complete the following code snippet so that it logs an error message if userInput is negative.

1let logger = function(errorMsg) {
2   console.log("ERROR: " + errorMsg);
3};
4
5if (userInput < 0) {
6   ____________("Invalid input");
7}

repl.it